How to calculate emissions for a routing with a comprehensive approach

Comprehensive emission calculation approaches contain default values for fuel consumption and factors for calculation. As user no own consumption data has to be added. PTV xRoute offers two comprehensive approaches: HBEFA 3.2 and COPERT Australia 1.2. In this use case description you see how both standards are designed and how you can use them for calculating your emissions with PTV xRoute. A general overview of emission calculation with PTV xServer can be found here: How to calculate emissions for a routing. Emission calculation with factor-based approaches is described here: How to calculate emissions with factor-based approaches.

Benefits

Using the current HBEFA 3.2, the entire bundle of emissions will be provided for each vehicle type. The following list indicates the resulting attributes: Hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons except for methane, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide from fossil sources, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, benzene, lead, particles, particle number and fuel.

COPERT Australia emission calculation reports values for CO₂ and fuel consumption. It is explicitly designed for Australian fleets:

• It reflects Australian fleet composition
• It reflects Australian fuels
• It reflects Australian driving conditions

Concept HBEFA

Emission Calculation According to HBEFA

The Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) was originally developed on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agencies of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. In the meantime, further countries (Sweden, Norway and France) as well as the JRC (European Research Center of the European Commission) are supporting HBEFA. HBEFA provides emission factors, i.e. the specific emission in g/km for all current vehicle categories (PC, LCV, HCV, buses and motorcycles), each divided into different categories, for a wide variety of traffic situations. The first version (HBEFA 1.1) was published in December 1995, an update (HBEFA 1.2) followed in January 1999. Version HBEFA 2.1 was available in February 2004. The newest versions date from January 2010 (HBEFA 3.1) and July 2014 (HBEFA 3.2).

HBEFA 3.X calculation reports values for all global warming gases and other harmful substances. The internal process is independently certificated and therefore is independent of any external organizations.

Example

You want to route from Rome to Napoli with five intermediate stops as shown in the map below and you want to calculate the emission values according to HBEFA:

Influencing Factors for Calculation

The following data properties were mapped from HBEFA to PTV's routing engine:

• Vehicle category such as car, van, truck, road train, bus or motorbike
• Fuel consumption such as Petrol, Diesel, CNG, FFV or LPG
• Emission concept from EURO 1 until EURO 6c
• Road types such as motorway national and city, trunk road national and city, distributor secondary, local or access-residential
• Heights, speed and network classes

Supported emission classes

Considerable differences might occur in comparison of version 3.1 and 3.2 especially considering EURO 5 and 6 due to the updated emission measurements.

Supported vehicle types

HBEFA 2.1

HBEFA 3.1

HBEFA 3.2

Installation and Configuration Guide HBEFA

Install HBEFA 3 data

This installation is optional according to your licence agreement (additional licence fee is required). The data package HBEFA 3.2 (or 3.1) needs to be separately installed. Please contact your PTV representative to obtain the data. Following steps should be carried out:

1. Order the data at PTV
2. Unzip and copy the content of the emissions data in your default map folder (see maps.path=<your map path> configured in the "conf/xroute.properties" file) taking following steps into account:
   1. Both files are copied into the map directory: global_d.hb32 (or .hb31) and heights.bin
   2. eur folder containing the country specific data for aut_d, che_d, deu_d, fra_d, nor_d and swe_d.

It is also possible to install both data packages "HBEFA 3.1" and "HBEFA 3.2" together but we recommend using the current version achieving the precise levels of emissions.

Configure emission calculation according to HBEFA.

Emission calculation according to HBEFA is configured in conf/xroute.properties.

• HBEFA 2.1 is enabled setting emissions.hbefa21=true and the data path toemissions.hbefa21.path=data/hbefa.ptv.
• HBEFA 3.1 and HBEFA 3.2 are enabled by setting the configuration parameter emissions.hbefa3=true.

Caution: A valid licence key must be configured: xroute.emissions=32 (or xroute.emissions=31) otherwise an exception will be thrown.

Programming Guide HBEFA

Emission calculation is available for the PTV xRoute methods calculateExtendedRoute and calculateAdvancedTour. This sample uses the method calculateExtendedRoute to illustrate the workflow.

Emission calculation according to HBEFA

Request

Use a request with at least two stations:

{
  "waypoints": [
    {
      "coords": [
        {
          "point": {
            "x": 685903,
            "y": 6372958
          }
        }
      ],
      "linkType": "NEXT_SEGMENT"
    },
    {
      "coords": [
        {
          "point": {
            "x": 681013,
            "y": 6371680
          }
        }
      ],
      "linkType": "NEXT_SEGMENT"
    }
  ],
  ...

Set the hbefaType attribute in the ResultListOptions element according to the HBEFAVersion you have configured:

"details": {
  "hbefaType": {
    "$type": "HBEFAType",
    "version": "HBEFA_3_2"
  }
}

Set the granularity of the emission information returned in the response with the emissions element in the ResultListOptions . Possible levels are: BASIC , if you only need the total emissions of the route, STATIONS , if you want to obtain the emission per part of the route, or SEGMENTS , if you additionally want to obtain the emissions per segment.

"details": {
  ...,
  "emissions": {
    "$type": "EmissionType",
    "emissionLevel": "BASIC"
  }
}

Response

Depending on the configuration of the EmissionType in the request, the total emissions can be found in the emissions element at the route, stations, or segments. The units of each emission value vary according to the specification.

"route": {
  "info": {
    "distance": 4129,
    "time": 457,
    "cost": 5367
  },
  "emissions": {
    "$type": "EmissionsHBEFA32",
    "hydrocarbons": 0.042084042872999994,
    "methane": 0.003535058461000001,
    "hydrocarbonsExMethane": 0.03854898441200001,
    "carbonMonoxide": 2.091023040688,
    "carbonDioxide": 0.7847751744067001,
    "sulphurDioxide": 0.034604260911999994,
    "nitrogenOxides": 0.15486596991300003,
    "nitrousOxide": 0.013420440881999998,
    "ammonia": 0.08385116139900001,
    "benzene": 0.005441465834,
    "toluene": 0.0039138162859999985,
    "xylene": 0.0032404725,
    "lead": 0,
    "particles": 0,
    "fuel": 0.24717327679788
  },
  ...

The listed attributes and values depend on the selected HBEFA type. For detailed information see the documentation of Emissions , EmissionsHBEFA31 , or EmissionsHBEFA32 .

Complete JSON request:

{
  "waypoints": [
    {
      "coords": [
        {
          "point": {
            "x": 685903,
            "y": 6372958
          }
        }
      ],
      "linkType": "NEXT_SEGMENT"
    },
    {
      "coords": [
        {
          "point": {
            "x": 681013,
            "y": 6371680
          }
        }
      ],
      "linkType": "NEXT_SEGMENT"
    }
  ],
  "details": {
    "hbefaType": {
      "$type": "HBEFAType",
      "version": "HBEFA_3_2"
    },
    "emissions": {
      "$type": "EmissionType",
      "emissionLevel": "STATIONS"
    }
  }
}

Concept COPERT Australia

Emission Calculation According to COPERT Australia

The COmputer Program to calculate Emissions from Road Transport (COPERT) was originally developed by EMISIA and the European Environment Agency as road transport emission inventory preparation for European countries. COPERT Australia was adapted to the Australian driving conditions, vehicle types and fuel types by EMISIA and DSITIA. The COPERT Australia emission calculation reports values for CO₂ and fuel consumption.

Supported vehicle types

Emission class mapping

Comparable to the European emission standards there are Australian Design Rules(ADR). The European classifications are mapped internally to ADRs as follows:

Installation and Configuration Guide COPERT Australia

Install COPERT Australia data

This installation is optional according to your licence agreement (additional licence fee is required). The data package COPERT Australia needs to be separately installed. Please contact your PTV representative to obtain the data. Following steps should be carried out:

1. Order the data at PTV
2. Unzip and copy the content of the emissions data in your default map folder (see maps.path=<your map path> configured in the "conf/xroute.properties" file):
   • global_d.cpa12 and heights.bin

Configure emission calculation according to COPERT Australia.

Emission calculation according to COPERT Australia is configured in conf/xroute.properties.

• COPERT Australia is enabled by setting the configuration parameter emissions.copertaus12=true.

Caution: A valid licence key must configured: xroute.emissions=COPERTAUS12 otherwise an exception will be thrown.

Programming Guide COPERT Australia

Emission calculation is available for the PTV xRoute methods calculateExtendedRoute and calculateAdvancedTour. This sample uses the method calculateExtendedRoute to illustrate the workflow.

Emission calculation according to COPERT Australia

Request

Use a request with at least two stations:

{
    "waypoints": [
    {   
        "coords": [
        {
            "point": {
                "x": 685903,
                "y": 6372958
            }
        }],
        "linkType": "NEXT_SEGMENT"
    },
    {
        "coords": [
        {
            "point": {
                "x": 681013,
                "y": 6371680
            }
        }],
        "linkType": "NEXT_SEGMENT"
    }],
    ...

Set the hbefaType attribute in the ResultListOptions element to COPERT_AUS_1_2:

"details": {
    "hbefaType": {
        "$type": "HBEFAType",
        "version": "COPERT_AUS_1_2"
    }
    ...

Set the granularity of the emission information returned in the response with the emissions element in the ResultListOptions. Possible levels are: BASIC, if you only need the total emissions of the route, STATIONS, if you want to obtain the emission per part of the route, or SEGMENTS, if you additionally want to obtain the emissions per segment.

        ...,
    "emissions": {
        "$type": "EmissionType",
        "emissionLevel": "BASIC"
    }
}

Response

Depending on the configuration of the EmissionType in the request, the total emissions can be found in the emissions element at the route, stations, or segments.

"route": {
    "info": {
        "distance": 4129,
        "time": 457,
        "cost": 5367
    },
    "emissions": {
        "$type": "Emissions",
        "hydrocarbons": 0,
        "methane": 0,
        "hydrocarbonsExMethane": 0,
        "carbonMonoxide": 0,
        "carbonDioxide": 0.945174406700143,
        "sulphurDioxide": 0,
        "nitrogenOxides": 0,
        "nitrousOxide": 0,
        "ammonia": 0,
        "benzene": 0,
        "toluene": 0,
        "xylene": 0,
        "lead": 0,
        "particles": 0,
        "fuel": 0.345679788
    },
    ...
}

Complete JSON request:

{
		"waypoints": [
		{
			"$type": "WaypointDesc",
			"linkType": "NEXT_SEGMENT",
			"fuzzyRadius": 0,
			"coords": [
				{
				"$type": "Point",
				"point": {
				"$type": "PlainPoint",
				"x": 145.16381,
				"y": -38.20777
				}
			}
			]
		},
		{
			"$type": "WaypointDesc",
			"linkType": "NEXT_SEGMENT",
			"fuzzyRadius": 0,
			"coords": [
				{
				"$type": "Point",
				"point": {
				"$type": "PlainPoint",
				"x": 144.84767,
				"y": -37.81019
				}
			}
			]
			}
		],
		"options": [],
		"exceptionPaths": [],
		"details": {
			"manoeuvres": false,
			"texts": false,
			"nodes": false,
			"binaryPathDesc": false,
			"polygon": false,
			"detailLevel": "BORDERS",
			"dynamicInfo": false,
			"segments": false,
			"segmentAttributes": false,
			"manoeuvreAttributes": false,
			"brunnelManoeuvres": false,
			"urbanManoeuvres": false,
			"manoeuvreGroups": false,
			"tollManoeuvres": false,
			"boundingRectanglesC": 0,
			"boundingRectanglesOffset": 0,
			"totalRectangle": false,
			"emissions": {
			"emissionLevel": "BASIC"
		},
			"hbefaType": {
			"version": "COPERT_AUS_1_2"
			}
		},
		"countryInfoOptions": null,
		"callerContext": {
		"properties": [
		{
			"key": "CoordFormat",
			"value": "OG_GEODECIMAL"
		},
		{
			"key": "Profile",
			"value": "truckfast"
		},
		{
			"key": "ProfileXMLSnippet",
			"value": "<Profile>   <Routing majorVersion='2' minorVersion='0'>    <Vehicle>     <Physical>      <Drive>       <Emissions emissionTechnology='EXHAUST_GAS_RECIRCULATION'/>      </Drive>     </Physical>    </Vehicle>   </Routing>  </Profile>"
				}
				]
			}
		}			
				

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